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What would happened if an English-student wrote a skilled article but no matter how many pages he had written, his professor told him it was still missing credibility? As defined by Google, “Credibility is the quality of being trusted, convincing or believable.” In the next comparison of the articles “Why Don’t We Complain?” By William F. Buckley Jr., and “The Bystander Effect,” by Dorothy Barkin, both authors have the same central idea of trying to persuade the readers to speak up when circumstances occurs. However, we will see how well they build credibility in their argument, by using personal experiences or newspaper articles as evidence, quotations, and their rhetorical strategies.
In William F. Buckley Jr.’s article, “Why Don’t We Complain?” Buckley Jr. uses several personal-experiences as evidence. People say that anything in large amounts is harmful and/or has a negative effect; Buckley went off the limits. For instance, Buckley introduces his article by telling us his experience about one below-freezing day that he was inside of a steamy-hot train. He states that no one complained about it. Buckley explains, “The conductor had nonchalantly walked down the gauntlet of eighty sweating American freemen… not one of them had asked him to explain why the passengers in that car had been consigned to suffer” (Buckley Jr. 1). Buckley Jr. continues arguing about his experiences inside of a movie theater, a café, an airplane, and on a line at some ski repair store in Pico Peak, Vermont. On each one of the example given by Buckley, he states that people, especially Americans, instead of complaining about a situation, they are “expecting someone else to take the initiative in going back to speak” (Buckley Jr. 2). Buckley might get his readers tired of his complaining of why we do not complain. In addition, to encourage his audience to do not be afraid to speak up, Buckley uses too many personal experiences, and just a few researches to enforce his argument.
In contrast with Dorothy Barkin’s article, “The Bystander Effect,” the lack of researched sources as evidence in Buckley Jr.’s article, made his argument lose credibility. In Barkin’s article, she hooks the audience by putting us in four different situations, and makes us think about how we would react if they happened. Barkin explains that “Bystanders are often reluctant to intervene in criminal or medical emergencies for reasons they are well aware of” (Barkin 2). Then, on each situation given by Barkin, she states the percentage of people who react like good Samaritans, while the majority tends to abandon the person in danger and/or stay away from an injustice. Later, Barkin tell us about the brutal murder of Catherine “Kitty” Genovese. According to Barkin, Genovese’s tragedy was a shocking crime that outraged the nation. She uses lots of researches details while she continues explaining when, how, and who was involved in Genovese’s tragedy. Barkin makes her audience believe in her, and take actions when an injustice occurs. Barkin number-pointed her sources and she added quotations and interviews through her article.
Like a fish in water, quotations have to stick to its owner (even if the expression was said by Jane or John Doe). When William F. Buckley Jr. quotes an editor of a national weekly news magazine, he left us with big questions. For example, who was this editor? When his article was written? And, in what news magazine did he work for? Buckley explains that this unknown editor mentioned how only twelve protest-letters (against an editorial stance) were sent to the news magazine, and that he explained, “So few people complain, or make their voice heard…we assume a dozen letters represent the unarticulated view of thousands of readers” (Buckley Jr. 4). The information given by Buckley might be true; however, how do we know? Once again, Dorothy Barkin scored more credibility points than William Beckley Jr., when she writes citations and quotations made by bystanders in her research.
Dorothy Barkin writes about how Kitty Genovese shouted “Oh my God, he stabbed me! Please help me! Please help me!” while she was being stabbed by an unidentified man. Barkin makes reference about how the bystander in Genovese’s murder said they were “afraid”, “tired”, “did not want to get involved”, and even “thought it was a lovers’ quarrel” (Barkin, 4). Barkin writes about the cruel rape of a woman, another incident that happened nine years later in Trenton, New Jersey. According to Barkin, a witness of the incident said, “We thought, well, it might turn out to be her boyfriend or something like that” (Barkin 4). Barkin article posted on the Townsend Press website, clearly shows how she makes reference on every statement or information she had made (by numbers placed at the right-side). Unfortunately, the website seems to have something wrong in order to link Barkin’s sources. Barkin uses more than thirty references on her article. However, she does not stop there; she also built credibility by delivering rhetorical strategies to her readers.
Although both authors use Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos, William Buckley Jr. appeals more to reasons: Logos. Buckley makes his point clear from the first paragraphs of his article, “Why Don’t We Complain?” In which Buckley Jr. states that “From one end to the car to the other, as we rattled though Westchester Country, we sweated; but we did not moan” (Buckley Jr. 1). In almost every paragraph of Buckley Jr.’s article, we could read about how he argues about Americans. For instance, he says, “we are reluctant to make our voices heard, hesitant about claiming our right…we are afraid that our cause is unjust, or that if it is not unjust, that it is ambiguous; or even that, that it is too trivial to justify the horrors of a confrontation with Authority; we will sit in an over or endure a racking headache before undertaking a head-on, I’m-here-to-tell-you complaint” (Buckley Jr. 2). Like most Disney-Pixar movies; Buckley wants us to speak up, to fight for our rights, and not be complacent under any circumstances. On the other hand, Dorothy Barkin appeals to the emotions, beliefs and values of her audience.
In the fourth page of Barkin’s article, when she was talking about Genovese’s murder, she mentions that “The same question was on everybody’s mind –how could thirty-eight people have done so little?” By sharing this information, Barkin persuades her audience to think as victims and take action as heroes. She states, “If you find yourself witnessing an emergency with a group, remember that everybody is waiting for someone else to do something first. Is you take action, others may also help” (Barkin 5). Then, Barkin make us think about the unfortunate, tragic moment of Kitty Genovese, by concluding with, “Imagine what it feels like to need help and have a crowd watching you suffer and do nothing” (Barkin 5). Barkin made her voice heard; the way she uses Pathos, make her readers feel touched by her persuasion.
When we are writing an essay or discussing an article, if we do not know how to make our audiences believe in what we have to say, our paper would not satisfy them at all. Even if our essay is ten-page long of well-written, extremely-professional vocabulary, we need to give evidences to our readers. For example, give our readers some modest amount of our personal experiences, and enforce our argument with articles and researches. In addition, we might need to add quotations, citations, and/or interviews; and of course, give credit to each person mentioned in our paper. We must include Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos, as strategies to persuade our audience. Even tough, we might need to apply the phrase introduced into modern language in the late twentieth century, “Fake it till you make it.” We must build credibility in our writing, if we want to make our readers believe in our words.
☻/ L♥ve and ✗O✗O
/▌ From
/ \ PЯiמcєss Đi
Barkin, Dorothy. “The Bystander Effect.” Understanding Ourselves. Townsend Press. Web
http://www.townsendpress.com/uploaded_files/tinymce/writing%20and%20motvn/vv_ch14.pdp
Fuller, William F. Buckley, Jr. “Why Don’t We Complain?” 50 Essays. Ed. Samuel Cohen. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004. 64-70. Print
What would happened if an English-student wrote a skilled article but no matter how many pages he had written, his professor told him it was still missing credibility? As defined by Google, “Credibility is the quality of being trusted, convincing or believable.” In the next comparison of the articles “Why Don’t We Complain?” By William F. Buckley Jr., and “The Bystander Effect,” by Dorothy Barkin, both authors have the same central idea of trying to persuade the readers to speak up when circumstances occurs. However, we will see how well they build credibility in their argument, by using personal experiences or newspaper articles as evidence, quotations, and their rhetorical strategies.
In William F. Buckley Jr.’s article, “Why Don’t We Complain?” Buckley Jr. uses several personal-experiences as evidence. People say that anything in large amounts is harmful and/or has a negative effect; Buckley went off the limits. For instance, Buckley introduces his article by telling us his experience about one below-freezing day that he was inside of a steamy-hot train. He states that no one complained about it. Buckley explains, “The conductor had nonchalantly walked down the gauntlet of eighty sweating American freemen… not one of them had asked him to explain why the passengers in that car had been consigned to suffer” (Buckley Jr. 1). Buckley Jr. continues arguing about his experiences inside of a movie theater, a café, an airplane, and on a line at some ski repair store in Pico Peak, Vermont. On each one of the example given by Buckley, he states that people, especially Americans, instead of complaining about a situation, they are “expecting someone else to take the initiative in going back to speak” (Buckley Jr. 2). Buckley might get his readers tired of his complaining of why we do not complain. In addition, to encourage his audience to do not be afraid to speak up, Buckley uses too many personal experiences, and just a few researches to enforce his argument.
In contrast with Dorothy Barkin’s article, “The Bystander Effect,” the lack of researched sources as evidence in Buckley Jr.’s article, made his argument lose credibility. In Barkin’s article, she hooks the audience by putting us in four different situations, and makes us think about how we would react if they happened. Barkin explains that “Bystanders are often reluctant to intervene in criminal or medical emergencies for reasons they are well aware of” (Barkin 2). Then, on each situation given by Barkin, she states the percentage of people who react like good Samaritans, while the majority tends to abandon the person in danger and/or stay away from an injustice. Later, Barkin tell us about the brutal murder of Catherine “Kitty” Genovese. According to Barkin, Genovese’s tragedy was a shocking crime that outraged the nation. She uses lots of researches details while she continues explaining when, how, and who was involved in Genovese’s tragedy. Barkin makes her audience believe in her, and take actions when an injustice occurs. Barkin number-pointed her sources and she added quotations and interviews through her article.
Like a fish in water, quotations have to stick to its owner (even if the expression was said by Jane or John Doe). When William F. Buckley Jr. quotes an editor of a national weekly news magazine, he left us with big questions. For example, who was this editor? When his article was written? And, in what news magazine did he work for? Buckley explains that this unknown editor mentioned how only twelve protest-letters (against an editorial stance) were sent to the news magazine, and that he explained, “So few people complain, or make their voice heard…we assume a dozen letters represent the unarticulated view of thousands of readers” (Buckley Jr. 4). The information given by Buckley might be true; however, how do we know? Once again, Dorothy Barkin scored more credibility points than William Beckley Jr., when she writes citations and quotations made by bystanders in her research.
Dorothy Barkin writes about how Kitty Genovese shouted “Oh my God, he stabbed me! Please help me! Please help me!” while she was being stabbed by an unidentified man. Barkin makes reference about how the bystander in Genovese’s murder said they were “afraid”, “tired”, “did not want to get involved”, and even “thought it was a lovers’ quarrel” (Barkin, 4). Barkin writes about the cruel rape of a woman, another incident that happened nine years later in Trenton, New Jersey. According to Barkin, a witness of the incident said, “We thought, well, it might turn out to be her boyfriend or something like that” (Barkin 4). Barkin article posted on the Townsend Press website, clearly shows how she makes reference on every statement or information she had made (by numbers placed at the right-side). Unfortunately, the website seems to have something wrong in order to link Barkin’s sources. Barkin uses more than thirty references on her article. However, she does not stop there; she also built credibility by delivering rhetorical strategies to her readers.
Although both authors use Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos, William Buckley Jr. appeals more to reasons: Logos. Buckley makes his point clear from the first paragraphs of his article, “Why Don’t We Complain?” In which Buckley Jr. states that “From one end to the car to the other, as we rattled though Westchester Country, we sweated; but we did not moan” (Buckley Jr. 1). In almost every paragraph of Buckley Jr.’s article, we could read about how he argues about Americans. For instance, he says, “we are reluctant to make our voices heard, hesitant about claiming our right…we are afraid that our cause is unjust, or that if it is not unjust, that it is ambiguous; or even that, that it is too trivial to justify the horrors of a confrontation with Authority; we will sit in an over or endure a racking headache before undertaking a head-on, I’m-here-to-tell-you complaint” (Buckley Jr. 2). Like most Disney-Pixar movies; Buckley wants us to speak up, to fight for our rights, and not be complacent under any circumstances. On the other hand, Dorothy Barkin appeals to the emotions, beliefs and values of her audience.
In the fourth page of Barkin’s article, when she was talking about Genovese’s murder, she mentions that “The same question was on everybody’s mind –how could thirty-eight people have done so little?” By sharing this information, Barkin persuades her audience to think as victims and take action as heroes. She states, “If you find yourself witnessing an emergency with a group, remember that everybody is waiting for someone else to do something first. Is you take action, others may also help” (Barkin 5). Then, Barkin make us think about the unfortunate, tragic moment of Kitty Genovese, by concluding with, “Imagine what it feels like to need help and have a crowd watching you suffer and do nothing” (Barkin 5). Barkin made her voice heard; the way she uses Pathos, make her readers feel touched by her persuasion.
When we are writing an essay or discussing an article, if we do not know how to make our audiences believe in what we have to say, our paper would not satisfy them at all. Even if our essay is ten-page long of well-written, extremely-professional vocabulary, we need to give evidences to our readers. For example, give our readers some modest amount of our personal experiences, and enforce our argument with articles and researches. In addition, we might need to add quotations, citations, and/or interviews; and of course, give credit to each person mentioned in our paper. We must include Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos, as strategies to persuade our audience. Even tough, we might need to apply the phrase introduced into modern language in the late twentieth century, “Fake it till you make it.” We must build credibility in our writing, if we want to make our readers believe in our words.
☻/ L♥ve and ✗O✗O
/▌ From
/ \ PЯiמcєss Đi
Barkin, Dorothy. “The Bystander Effect.” Understanding Ourselves. Townsend Press. Web
http://www.townsendpress.com/uploaded_files/tinymce/writing%20and%20motvn/vv_ch14.pdp
Fuller, William F. Buckley, Jr. “Why Don’t We Complain?” 50 Essays. Ed. Samuel Cohen. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004. 64-70. Print
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